Corporations (Research) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporations (Research) - Essay ExampleLegal debt instrument indicates that organizations must fulfill their economical objectives inwardly the legal framework requirements. Ethical responsibility requires the organizations to follow the moral rules. Discretionary responsibility incorporates those activities of an organization that are not mandated, not required by law, and not expected of organizations in an ethical sense (cf. Carroll, 1979, p. 500). For instance, organizations fulfill their discretionary responsibility by providing a day-care center for working mothers. (Maignan and Ferrell, 2000, p. 283)Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an approach to business activities encompassing the basic questions relating to the role and purpose organizations play in the society. Central to this approach is the pledge to the so-called triple bottom-line of economic, social and environmental matter tos. As per the principle of CSR, business must recognize that they get legitimacy to do business in society and must account for their social and environmental impact accordingly. As the business organizations are operating in the society, so the businesses must give something back to the society. By the same token, it is expected that business concerns go away behave responsibly and will not engage in any activities that will cause harm to the society. NGOs and other campaigning organizations are putting jam on certain Multinational companies, especially those engaged in hazardous activities like biological, mining, chemical and oil sectors. Nevertheless, in spite of the pressure from NGOs, promotion of CSR activities within the business practices of the organizations is also very strong. Some of the advantages for integrating CSR principles encompass reduction of risk, higher satisfaction among employees, low employee turnover and securing long-term financial proceeding. (Susan, 2003, P. 130) Organizations have sight that social responsibility is good for t heir business for, and from, each part of the seven main azimuths within which they carry out their business activities. These parts are their shareholders and possible investors managers employees customers business partners and contractors or suppliers the natural environment and the communities within which they operate, including national governments. (Michael, 2003, P. 4). The social performance of an organization is a very crucial factor for the overall mastery of a business entity. If an organization engages in activities that adversely affect the environment, the environmentalists will surely speak against the organization that will badly affect the social performance of the organization. Furthermore, poor social performance will drive away potential investors. In todays increasingly competitive business world no business concern will want to loose the confidence of its potential investors. Today consumers avoid what they consider as socially irresponsibly made products or products of businesses that have allegedly not acted in the best interest of the society. (Michael, 2003, P. 3). It stands to reason that no business concern will surely take the risk of loosing its customer by acting against the interest of the s

Organizational Strategy of Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Organizational Strategy of Apple - Essay ExampleAccording to the research findings, Apple represents one of the more or less successful technology companies in the world today since its launch in 1976 as a personal computing machine manufacturer. The organization which in 1997 was on the wand of bankruptcy has been able to transform and record profits in the following years due to the production of leading computer softwargon and personal computers that are based on high standards of innovation, prestige, and quality. The cusses of Apple depends on the production of highly innovative hardware and software which have over the years established the alliance as the leader in an industry where every organization strives to gain a share of the market that readily embraces new technology. Due to the customer fealty that Apple has been able to establish over the years, therefore, driving sales, the company has featured in several occasions as the first among Fortune magazines Worlds Mo st Admired Companies with latest financial results for second quarter ended March 29, 2014 indicating $45.6 billion in revenues and $10.2 billion quarterly internet profits. The following sections present an analytical business report focused on different levels of organizational behavior and human resource. The multinational focuses on designing, developing, manufacturing and selling computer-based conference electronics, personal computers, and computer software. The market leader in Apple hardware was the Mac personal computers, but the company soon diversified into the worlds first media player device, iPod, a pioneering smartphone, iPhone and leafing tablet computers, the iPad. In addition, Apple introduced software such as operating systems like iOS and OS X, iTunes, the Safari web browser in addition to productivity and creativity suites such as iWork and iLife. The history of Apple marks a dynamic transformation from a personal computer manufacturer to a leading manufactur er of consumer electronics, operating software and consumer software.

Analysis of Images of Organization by Gareth Morgan Essay - 1

Analysis of Images of Organization by Gareth Morgan - Essay ExampleI) He explains that Metaphor is inherently incomprehensible in nature and has far-reaching consequences. One major problem that faces modern management today is our mechanical way of thinking about organizations, that is so deeply grow in us, that we find it find it very difficult to organize things in any other way. In Chapter 2, (Morgan, 2006, pg. 11) enlightens us on how labor became revolutionized and how machines took command in the workplace. In ancient meters work was carried out in a very laborious way, making use of only manual labor. As time passed and people became more than civilized they began making tools to assist them in their work. Nowadays, Mechanization has taken over every area of work making it much more easy for us than it was in ancient times. Productivity has increased a thousand fold because of the great transition from being a craft to manufactory production. (Morgan, 2006, pg. 11) Howev er, in the course of this revolutionization in work culture, we fill to bear the assault made on the human spirit. We have adapted ourselves to the machine age and have come to use machines as a metaphor for ourselves and the society at large because we have to mold ourselves according to mechanical principles that have become section and parcel of our lives. Gareth Morgan, in chapter 3 of Organization as Flux and Transformation explains the importance of an Open System that involves a continuous cycle of transformation, input, output and reconstructive feedback. In order to achieve such a harmonious working atmosphere, it is imperative to maintain healthy relationships between the environment and the internal functioning of the organization. Referring to Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, Morgan argues that their opinions on the Open system differ as they feel that all living systems are organizationally closed, autonomous systems of interaction that make reference only to themselves.

Criminal Data and Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Criminal Data and Statistics - Essay ExampleHence, it is a credible thingamajig to control a firm grip on accountability and keep a track of the different important players that are concerned with the justice remains concerning the criminals of our society.The sector of criminal information and statistics should only be utilized for the sake of the safety of the society also provides the security practitioners to develop their agenda, implement it and quantify the initiatives taken by the social law-breaking deterrence activities. The data of these criminal related activities need to be precise and very accurate as it helps the lawmakers, stakeholders, crime barroom authorities, defence-related forces etc. to function on the basis of their records. If these records have the minutest flaw it will lastly damage the productivity and can cause an inappropriate action towards the crime issues. Furthermore, in the year 2006, the British Home Office scrutinized the United Kingdoms cr ime records for the following reason it was observed that the people had lost faith in the British Home office for its inefficiency and for not being able to produce qualitative firmness of purposes. Their productivity has backfired drastically so as that it is no more possible to have an argument on the other criminal justice related laws. The trend in crime has changed and variations need to be made. The home secretary condemns this and therefore wants the policies to be made in such a manner that the level of productivity increases and hence the trust of the people is redeemed. (Crime Hub)Thus without having precise criminal records, data and statistics the result of the policies that govern this system is pretty useless. One should not completely rely on this criminal records as alone they cant give the answers but eventually they do help and look after them within the city and outside the city crime activities and give initiatives to develop prevention to such crimes.The crime data obtained is used for various things and serves a lot of purposes. The major work of the acquired criminal data is used by law enforcing agencies I order to form budgets, plan, broadcast various resources, and scrutinizing various police operational activities.

Piper Aircraft v Reyno Essay Example for Free

Piper Aircraft v Reyno EssayFacts A small airplane crashed in Scotland cleanup position several Scottish citizens. The respondents who are Scottish and who are the representatives of the estates of the citizens and residents who were killed in the crash filed suit for wrongful death in United States Federal District homage in California. The assemblage was later transferred to the United States District coquet for the Middle District of Pennsylvania upon move of the supplicant.It appears that the aircraft was manufactured in Pennsylvania by petitioner Piper Aircraft Co. The propellers were manufactured in Ohio by petitioner Hartzell Propeller, Inc. At the time of the accident the aircraft was registered in Great Britain and was owned and maintained by Air glide and Trading Co. , Ltd and was operated by McDonald Aviation, Ltd. , a Scottish air taxi service. Both Air Navigation and McDonald were organized in the United Kingdom. Petitioners filed a operation to discharge on t he ground of forum non conveniens.After finding that an alternative forum exists in Scotland, the District Court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint. The United States Court of Appeals reversed the district courts decision on the ground that the dismissal of the suit is automatically barred when the law of the alternative forum is less(prenominal) raiseable to the plaintiff than the law of the forum chosen by the plaintiff. Issue whether the district court abused its discretion in granting the petitioners motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non convenienceRuling. No. The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting the petitioners motion to dismiss. Thus, judgment of the United States Court of Appeals was reversed. Rationale It is well-settled that a claim will be dismissed on the ground of forum non conveniens if the amount of burden and hassle to the defendant is out of proportion to the convenience of the plaintiff. The dismissal of a suit will not or dinarily be denied on the simple reason that the forum is less favorable to the plaintiffIn dismissing a model for forum non convenience several factors are considered because they affect the conduct of the trial. These factors are a) the access to sources of consequence and evidence b) the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses, c) the cost of obtaining attendance of willing witnesses d) the possibility of viewing of premises In this case, the factors heavily favor Scotland because the wreckage of the airplane is in Scotland and all of the witnesses to the crash are also in Scotland.Also, the deceased were all Scottish. Scotland has a strong recreate in hearing this case since the incident happened in its airspace. On the other hand, the disadvantage that will result to plaintiff if this suit will be brought in the United States is insignificant considering that the interest of the United States in the suit is not sufficient enough to justify th e amount of time and expenses that will be wasted if the suit will be filed in the United States

Childrens Literature Essay Example for Free

Childrens Literature EssayIt is hard to imagine a world without books for children. Ever since thither were children, at that place has been childrens literature too. There apply been childrens stories and folk-tales when man first learned to speak. Childrens books, however, are a late growth of literature. Miss Yonge says, Up to the Georgian era there were no books at all for children or the poor, excepting the class-books containing old ballads and short tales. We shall nevertheless see that there were English books for children foresightful to begin with this time. In western Europe, there was no separate category of books for children before the eighteenth ascorbic acid. The Bible, stories of saints and martyrs, and bestiaries or books about exotic animals, were probably the first printed books available to children. Childhood, as we think about it today, is a relatively new concept. Until the 17thcentury, children were thought of as small versions of adults and treated accordingly. In most societies, children were a source of labor.There were some books (mostly for the children of wealthy families) even before the invention of movable type by Gutenberg in 1455, but they were instructional in nature and were used to in unbosom lessons of morality, manners, and religion.. With the rise of Puritanism in England early in the seventeenth century, literature for children became moralistic. Seeing children as amoral savages needing to be taught right, society used stories filled with death and damnation to frighten children into good behavior. Humor and imagination were banned.The sunlight School Movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which aimed at bringing religion to the working class, continued the didactic t single in the thousands of gaudy tracts of simple stories distributed throughout England and the United States. Over the next centuries, there was a gradual shift in attitude toward children which was reflected in the reading material produced for them. Hornbooks and chapbooks appeared, still designed to instruct, but some included woodcut illustrations in addition to ABCs and religious lessons.The most famous and prolific publisher for children of the 18th century was John Newbery. He published books which were immediately attractive to children in a small format, with illustrations, and bound in brightly-coloured flowered paper. In the 18th and early nineteenth centuries, Robin Hood, Mother Goose tales, Robinson Crusoe, and Gullivers Travels were published and were the most attractive to the world of a childs imagination. A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement C. Moore was published in 1823 and was one of the first works to introduce humor and laughter into the world of childrens literature.The Victorian era was a golden age for childrens books. Victorian family life is lifelikeally show in Louisa May Alcotts Little Women (1868), whereas Mark Twains Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island (1880) emphasize adventure all three books present fully developed characters. At the turn of the century several childrens magazines were being published, the most important being the St. Nicholas Magazine (18871943). It was also the time of classic books , such as Alice in Wonderland, and capital illustrators Kate Greenaway, Edward Lear, and Howard Pyle to mention a few.In the middle of the 19th century, there were major changes in illustrations of books. Until then, wood engraving was the norm with the development of chromolithography, which permitted produce in many an(prenominal) colors, the world of book illustration changed dramatically. Great writers teamed with great illustrators to produce the books. The industrial revolution led to advances in printing which made books colorful, affordable, and plentiful. The growing middle class, with its increase interest in education, expanded the audience for childrens books.Walter Crane, whose work is highlighted in this exhibit, was a British artist and one of the first people to use the new printing techniques to bring color and design techniques into the world of childrens literature. The twentieth century continued a publishing industry for young people with adventure stories, series books alike the brazen-faced Boys and Nancy Drew, science fiction and fantasy. During the 20th cent. in particular, new collections of tales that reach back to the oral roots of literature have come from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.International folktales have also received increasing attention. Among the many authors pursuing these themes, Verna Aardema compiles African folktales and Yoko Kawashima Watkins studies Asian oral traditions. During the 1980s and 90s in particular, multicultural concerns became an important aspect of the new realistic tradition in childrens literature. From the 1960s through the 90s socially relevant childrens books have appeared, treating subjects l ike death, drugs, sex, urban crisis, discrimination, the environment, and womens liberation.Recent years have brought books of children related to movies and commercial products from Disney to title-holder Wars as well as the psychologically-oriented young adult novel. The great scientific and societal changes of the early twentieth century had a great influence on the adventure story. The exploits of the World War I fliers replaced the cowboy and big game hunter in the dreams of young boys. Many of these adventure stories were published in long series, written by different writers all using the same name.The best known was the Stratemeyer Literary Syndicate which produced such series as the Rover Boys, the Hardy Boys, Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, and Nancy Drew between 1906 and 1984. Maurice Sendak and Chris Van Allsburg are two important and contemporary childrens book author who publish their stories todays. Bibliographyh Hunt, Peter, (1995), Childrens Literature An illustrated history, Oxford University Press. Cullingford , Cedric, (1998), Childrens Literature and its Effects, Cassel E. Gavin, Adrienne, (2001), Mystery in Childrens Literature.From the Rational to the Supernatural, Palgrave Publishers Ltd Lerer, Seth, (2008), Childrens Literature A Readers History from Aesop to Harry Potter, University of Chicago Press. Lynch-brown, Carol, (2010), Essentials of childrens literature, Pearson OMalley, Andrew, (2003), The Making of the Modern Child Childrens Literature in the Late Eighteenth coulomb F. Touponce, William, Childrens Literature and the Pleasures of the Text, From Childrens Literature Association Quarterly, Volume 20, Number 4, Winter 1995, pp. 175-182

Analysis of three sun articles on the execution of Robert Harris Essay Example for Free

Analysis of 3 sun articles on the execution of Robert Harris EssayThese trinity articles printed in the sun newspaper in 1992,approach the execution of Robert Harris in truly different counsellings . The articles have chosen to cover different parts of the Robert Harris case. Article 1 is focused on the way Robert Harris died and the T. V reporter Michael tuck giving a graphic description of the execution and the build up to it . The second article is about he nuns including start Teresa who tried to turn the decision around so Harriss life could be spared. Article three gives a description of where and how the victims were murdered and what how the parents felt and thought of Harriss execution. The scratch line article explains and describes what happened to Robert Harris. It starts with a detailed description of Harriss execution. Gurgled and gasped as cyanide gas choked the life from him. This has been written as the second sentence to give an spry impact of disgust an d it plays with your emotions and it makes you more interested and you want to read on.Once the writer has got the readers attention, he then goes to the lead up to the execution. The first article is really against the death penalty as when it talks about the execution was reprieved twice before he was finally gassed, the article tries to make you tone of voice sorry for Harris. Michael sneak in describes the execution as grisly and non a humane way to die and in this he is confirming that he is against the anti-death penalty. Alternatively, article three is not against the anti-death penalty.It starts off with Harriss victims parents, giving there opinion on Harriss execution. One of the victims farther said I have no time for do-gooders who says that he should be spared guess what he did to my son. Am I supposed to erase the memory, the pain of that. This is seek to make you feel sorry for the parents of the victims and it is trying to persuade the reader that capital pe nalty is good. Article dickens is set out in a bold headline, which reads NUNS MERCY BID and under the headline is a small paragraph.It mentions Mother Teresa recognise to give a sort of good feeling to the article because Mother Teresa well know individualality of being warm, nice and a gentle person and it says that she appealed to a California governor Pete Wilson to spare Harriss life this sort of makes you feel that if Mother Teresa is trying to safe his life then she must be doing the reform thing and Harriss life should be spared. It says in the article that there were loads of anti-death sentence campaigners who urged for the killer not to be killed.This is a fact that many pack wanted Harris to live and theres evidence of Mother Teresa point of view. Theres a couple of lines in this article that say that Harris had alcoholic parents and he was fifth of nine children terrorised by there farther. His lawyers said that he may have been brain damaged by a beating at the ag e of two. This could make the reader feel sorry for Harris and its not fair for Harris to be killed in this way and there no evidence that the article is true.The visual presentation in the articles plays a very important role. In article one, theres a big picture above the article of two chairs where Harris was probably killed I think that this picture is trying to make you feel sorry for Harris as the picture makes you feel a sort of horrific sense of dying and displays a horrible looking prospect in where people are chained to chairs and then are choked with gas and then killed. Beside the picture is TV man watches Harris in gas chamber.This is very emotive language and makes the article more dramatic. In article two there is a photo of a man I think its Harris but it could be a different number of people maybe Michael Tuck watching the execution or is it Harris himself its good as it lets the reader speculate. All three articles are made up of fact an opinion. Article one is m ainly made up of opinion it is nearly all Michael Tuck telling the readers what he thought.He said only when IF you ask me this is not a clean and humane way to die This is Michael Tuck expressing his opinions on the execution. Article two has got a bit of opinion He said he may have been brain damaged by a beating at the age of two The words may have means that not necessarily true. The only fact in this article is that Mother Teresa fought with other campaigners to spare Harriss life. Article three appears to be a balance of fact and opinion. The first half of the article is mainly opinion.Theres the victims parents saying what they think about Harriss execution. They were out for a fun day fishing when they were executed by this beast. It is the parents opinion that Harris is a Beast. The second half of the article seems to tell more fact, it says how the victims were killed, for the first time across the three articles. But after telling the story theres still opinions added. The grinning Harris calmly ate the boys hamburgers. There is know way that anyone could of none this so this must be opinion.In conclusion all articles have different stories, which all connect together, but as you can see Harris was an evil man as he snap fastener two innocent boys dead for no reason at all. Language used in these articles is effective and ahs been used well to give you a fresh picture of how Harris died and how he killed two innocent teenagers. People tried to save him but it didnt work. When all three articles are read separately they create a biased opinion on Harris execution, but when read together you have a balanced account of Harris case.